Timo Janhunen has developed the Z combustion system with local ignition and air to fuel ratio control. The controlled high velocity swirl in the Z motor enables the use of the Z combustion. The combustion chamber is a circular groove in the piston. The combustion air flows in the combustion chamber at top dead center. The fuel is injected down stream to the highly turbulent air flow. The squish flow turns the swirl flow to screw type flow in the chamber (see the picture). This makes better mixing for its part.
The combustion time is shorter than in common diesel engines, because of the very high turbulence and better mixing. This makes a positive affect to the efficiency of the engine.
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